The Lab of Linguaxe e Cognición at the Universidade de Vigo (Spain) conducts interdisciplinary research on the cognitive, emotional, and neurobiological mechanisms underlying language and interpersonal communication, with a particular focus on social cognition, affective processing, and conflict interaction. Our work investigates how linguistic structures shape the inference of intentions, attitudes, and emotions, and how language contributes to emotion regulation, empathy, and interpersonal understanding in both face-to-face and digitally mediated contexts, including language processing in the context of emotional problems. Using approaches from psychology, psycholinguistics, and neurolinguistics, we combine experimental paradigms, corpus-based analyses, and behavioral measures to examine the processing of emotionally and pragmatically loaded language, including interjections, action verbs, and reformulation strategies. A central line of research addresses language use in conflict and mediation, exploring how pragmatic reformulation and narrative framing modulate emotional responses, forgiveness, and the construction of shared meaning within the framework of Therapeutic Justice. In parallel, we study online affective communication and vulnerability, analyzing how emotional and attitudinal states are inferred through language in digital environments. Our overarching goal is to advance empirically grounded models of language–emotion–cognition interaction and to translate this knowledge into evidence-based applications for socio-educational, clinical, and judicial contexts.